Start Here:

Federal Benefits for Veterans and Dependents:

Online booklet

http://www1.va.gov/opa/vadocs/fedben.pdf

Request forms from the VA:
http://www.va.gov/vaforms/

Veteran’s Self Help guide to VA Claims:

http://veteransinfo.tripod.com/vaclaims.pdf

Find a Service Officer:

Regional Offices:

Call your regional office to set up a VSO service officer.
http://www1.va.gov/directory/guide/home.asp?isFlash=1

Appeals:

Board of Veteran Appeals:

Members of the Board review benefit claims determinations made by local VA offices and issue decision on appeals. These Law Judges, attorneys experienced in veterans law and in reviewing benefit claims, are the only ones who can issue Board decisions. Staff attorneys, also trained in veterans law, review the facts of each appeal and assist the Board members.

http://www.va.gov/vbs/bva/

United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims:

The Court provides veterans an impartial judicial forum for review of administrative decisions by the Board of Veterans' Appeals that are adverse to the veteran-appellant's claim of entitlement to benefits for service-connected disabilities, survivor benefits and other benefits such as education payments and waiver of indebtedness. 

http://www.vetapp.gov/

How to appeal a claim?

Always appeal a denied claim, this pamphlet shows you how
 http://www.va.gov/vbs/bva/pamphlet.htm

Helpful Information:

Disability Examination Worksheets:

These 57 Disability Examination Worksheets are in use both by the doctors of VHA (Veterans Health Administration) who do the disability examinations and by the rating specialists, hearing officers, and Decision Review Officers of VBA (Veterans Benefits Administration) who do the disability evaluations.
http://www.vba.va.gov/bln/21/Benefits/exams/index.htm